First, while it is likely not the problem, I would reduce your flags to the bare minimum. It makes it that much easier to isolate the issue.
Second, what is serving the sftp? Some servers have odd quirks. Alternatively, are you sure you have permissions on the sftp server? It certainly sounds like a permissions issue
Thank you for your answer
First - reduce flags
no flags:
rclone move ~/test.file master:/test/upload/-vv
2021/03/18 09:09:13 DEBUG : rclone: Version "v1.54.1" starting with parameters ["rclone" "move" "/home/master/test.file" "master:/test/upload" "-vv"]
2021/03/18 09:09:13 DEBUG : Creating backend with remote "/home/master/test.file"
2021/03/18 09:09:13 DEBUG : Using config file from "/home/master/.config/rclone/rclone.conf"
2021/03/18 09:09:13 DEBUG : fs cache: adding new entry for parent of "/home/master/test.file", "/home/master"
2021/03/18 09:09:13 DEBUG : Creating backend with remote "master:/test/upload/"
2021/03/18 09:09:14 DEBUG : sftp://user@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:/test/upload/: New connection xx.xx.xx.xx:36436->xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:22 to "SSH-2.0-SSHD"
2021/03/18 09:09:15 DEBUG : test.file: Need to transfer - File not found at Destination
2021/03/18 09:09:16 ERROR : test.file: Failed to copy: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
2021/03/18 09:09:16 ERROR : test.file: Not deleting source as copy failed: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
2021/03/18 09:09:16 ERROR : Attempt 1/3 failed with 1 errors and: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
2021/03/18 09:09:16 DEBUG : test.file: Need to transfer - File not found at Destination
2021/03/18 09:09:17 ERROR : test.file: Failed to copy: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
2021/03/18 09:09:17 ERROR : test.file: Not deleting source as copy failed: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
2021/03/18 09:09:17 ERROR : Attempt 2/3 failed with 1 errors and: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
2021/03/18 09:09:17 DEBUG : test.file: Need to transfer - File not found at Destination
2021/03/18 09:09:18 ERROR : test.file: Failed to copy: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
2021/03/18 09:09:18 ERROR : test.file: Not deleting source as copy failed: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
2021/03/18 09:09:18 ERROR : Attempt 3/3 failed with 1 errors and: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
2021/03/18 09:09:18 INFO :
Transferred: 15 / 15 Bytes, 100%, 5 Bytes/s, ETA 0s
Errors: 1 (retrying may help)
Checks: 3 / 3, 100%
Elapsed time: 5.1s
2021/03/18 09:09:18 DEBUG : 11 go routines active
2021/03/18 09:09:18 Failed to move: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
and only with: --sftp-set-modtime=false
$ rclone move ~/test.file master:/test/upload/ -vv --sftp-set-modtime=false
2021/03/18 09:13:41 DEBUG : rclone: Version "v1.54.1" starting with parameters ["rclone" "move" "/home/master/test.file" "master:/test/upload/" "-vv" "--sftp-set-modtime=false"]
2021/03/18 09:13:41 DEBUG : Creating backend with remote "/home/master/test.file"
2021/03/18 09:13:41 DEBUG : Using config file from "/home/masterd/.config/rclone/rclone.conf"
2021/03/18 09:13:41 DEBUG : fs cache: adding new entry for parent of "/home/master/test.file", "/home/master"
2021/03/18 09:13:41 DEBUG : Creating backend with remote "master:/test/upload/"
2021/03/18 09:13:42 DEBUG : sftp://user@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:/test/upload/: New connection xx.xx.xx.xx:36460->xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:22 to "SSH-2.0-SSHD"
2021/03/18 09:13:43 DEBUG : test.file: Need to transfer - File not found at Destination
2021/03/18 09:13:44 ERROR : test.file: Failed to copy: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
2021/03/18 09:13:44 ERROR : test.file: Not deleting source as copy failed: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
2021/03/18 09:13:44 ERROR : Attempt 1/3 failed with 1 errors and: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
2021/03/18 09:13:44 DEBUG : test.file: Need to transfer - File not found at Destination
2021/03/18 09:13:45 ERROR : test.file: Failed to copy: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
2021/03/18 09:13:45 ERROR : test.file: Not deleting source as copy failed: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
2021/03/18 09:13:45 ERROR : Attempt 2/3 failed with 1 errors and: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
2021/03/18 09:13:45 DEBUG : test.file: Need to transfer - File not found at Destination
2021/03/18 09:13:46 ERROR : test.file: Failed to copy: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
2021/03/18 09:13:46 ERROR : test.file: Not deleting source as copy failed: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
2021/03/18 09:13:46 ERROR : Attempt 3/3 failed with 1 errors and: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
2021/03/18 09:13:46 INFO :
Transferred: 15 / 15 Bytes, 100%, 5 Bytes/s, ETA 0s
Errors: 1 (retrying may help)
Checks: 3 / 3, 100%
Elapsed time: 5.2s
2021/03/18 09:13:46 DEBUG : 11 go routines active
2021/03/18 09:13:46 Failed to move: Update SetModTime failed: SetModTime stat failed: object not found
Second:
Most definitely, I do not have permission to read from this directory and I cannot influence it.