This error only happens with v1.54 of rclone and the --by-hash param. Regular dedupe works fine so this appears to be an rclone issue with pcloud and byhash dedup.
2021/01/10 15:09:51 DEBUG : rclone: Version "v1.54.0-beta.5050.ef2bfb971" starting with parameters ["C:\\Program Files (x86)\\rclone-v1.54.0-beta.5050.ef2bfb971-windows-amd64\\rclone.exe" "dedupe" "remote:" "--dry-run" "--bind" "0.0.0.0" "-vv" "--by-hash" "--progress"]
2021/01/10 15:09:51 DEBUG : Using config file from "C:\\Users\\Tony\\.config\\rclone\\rclone.conf"
2021/01/10 15:09:51 DEBUG : Creating backend with remote "remote:"
2021-01-10 15:09:51 INFO : pcloud root '': Looking for duplicate MD5 hashes using interactive mode.
Transferred: 0 / 0 Bytes, -, 0 Bytes/s, ETA -
Elapsed time: 41m34.5s
C:\Users\Tony>"C:\Program Files (x86)\rclone-v1.54.0-beta.5050.ef2bfb971-windows-amd64\rclone.exe" dedupe remote: --dry-run --bind "0.0.0.0" -vv --by-hash --progress --filter-from "C:\Program Files (x86)\rclone\filter-file.txt"
2021/01/10 15:51:37 DEBUG : rclone: Version "v1.54.0-beta.5050.ef2bfb971" starting with parameters ["C:\\Program Files (x86)\\rclone-v1.54.0-beta.5050.ef2bfb971-windows-amd64\\rclone.exe" "dedupe" "remote:" "--dry-run" "--bind" "0.0.0.0" "-vv" "--by-hash" "--progress" "--filter-from" "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\rclone\\filter-file.txt"]
2021/01/10 15:51:37 DEBUG : Using config file from "C:\\Users\\Tony\\.config\\rclone\\rclone.conf"
2021/01/10 15:51:37 DEBUG : Creating backend with remote "remote:"
2021-01-10 15:51:37 INFO : pcloud root '': Looking for duplicate MD5 hashes using interactive mode.
2021-01-10 16:40:10 DEBUG : pacer: low level retry 1/10 (error Get "https://api.pcloud.com/checksumfile?fileid=11577473147": dial tcp 0.0.0.0:0->74.120.9.121:443: i/o timeout)
2021-01-10 16:40:11 DEBUG : pacer: Rate limited, increasing sleep to 20ms
2021-01-10 16:40:11 DEBUG : pacer: Reducing sleep to 15ms
2021-01-10 16:40:11 ERROR : My Pictures/2010/08/2010_08_05_16.jpg: Failed to hash: failed to get hash: Get "https://api.pcloud.com/checksumfile?fileid=11577473147": dial tcp: lookup api.pcloud.com: no such host
2021-01-10 16:40:11 DEBUG : pacer: Reducing sleep to 11.25ms
2021-01-10 16:40:11 ERROR : My Pictures/2010/08/2010_08_05_16.nef: Failed to hash: failed to get hash: Get "https://api.pcloud.com/checksumfile?fileid=11577474633": dial tcp: lookup api.pcloud.com: no such host