This is what --backup-dir does.
So you want something like
rclone sync /path/to/source remote:backups/current --backup-dir remote:current/`date -I`
This will copy your full backup to backups/current and leave dated directories in current/2018-12-03 etc.
Note the date -I only works on unix based systems, I expect there is something similar for Windows but I don’t know it off the top of my head!