hard to know, as you have a complex setup using ec2, kms, multiple buckets and polices.
this might your issue.
https://forum.rclone.org/t/cannot-copy-files-to-mounted-azure-storage-windows/30092
if not your issue, then need to debug, same as with any tech issue.
simplify as much as possible, add features until the error re-occurs.
test on a new bucket, using the bucket policy in the rclone docs, no ec2, no kms, single bucket.
make sure using latest winfsp.
fwiw, on one of my WS2022.21H2 datacenter servers, i could not replicate your issue.