It seems that this wouldn’t work.
The filter.txt file have to have the same paths as your command, which use this file.
See: Help with Rclone lsf command line
Doing this with lsf should work
rclone lsf --absolute --max-age 4d /home/user2/downloads/Tv.Series > new_files
rclone copy --files-from new_files /home/user2/downloads/Tv.Series Cloud:Tv.Series --progress --transfers 10 --exclude “/node_modules/”
You need to use the same local path /home/user2/downloads/Tv.Series on both commands