Can rclone be run solely with command line options ? (no config, no env vars)

I believe you must have rclone.conf to define/save the remotes. It’s usually created for you with the interactive “rclone config” command, but you could write it yourself if you wanted to. The syntax is not hard at all, but I don’t believe it’s documented on the site docs.

If it helps, you can put rclone.conf wherever you like and point to it with --config=/my/file.conf.