welcome to the forum,
the default value is 5 minutes, but that can be reduced by using --dir-cache-time
tho, that will consume more API calls and possible additional costs from the provider.
for example, wasabi and idrive do not charge for api calls, whereas, aws does charge for api calls.
rclone has two caches, vfs dir cache and vfs file cache.
can check out my summary of the rclone caches