Rclone v1.65.0 magentacloud macOS 14.1.1

It has the header.

When you tried it with rclone ls magentacloud: -vv --dump headers,auth it should have looked something like this.

Authorization: Basic dXNlcjpwYXNz

So I guess your server is expecting

Authorization: Bearer

Or possibly you are supposed to get a bearer token and use it as the password. See this thread - someone did get it working.