I tried this on a new test machine with v1.53.4
Here you can see the rename and a "cat" to the test.txt file:
2021/01/29 17:05:02 DEBUG : /: Attr:
2021/01/29 17:05:02 DEBUG : /: >Attr: attr=valid=1s ino=0 size=0 mode=drwxr-xr-x, err=
2021/01/29 17:05:02 DEBUG : /: Lookup: name="rclonetest"
2021/01/29 17:05:02 DEBUG : /: >Lookup: node=rclonetest/, err=
2021/01/29 17:05:02 DEBUG : rclonetest/: Attr:
2021/01/29 17:05:02 DEBUG : rclonetest/: >Attr: attr=valid=1s ino=0 size=0 mode=drwxr-xr-x, err=
2021/01/29 17:05:02 DEBUG : /: Lookup: name="rclone1test"
2021/01/29 17:05:02 DEBUG : /: >Lookup: node=, err=no such file or directory
2021/01/29 17:05:02 DEBUG : /: Rename: oldName="rclonetest", newName="rclone1test", newDir=/
2021/01/29 17:05:03 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt: MD5 = e19c1283c925b3206685ff522acfe3e6 OK
2021/01/29 17:05:03 INFO : rclonetest/test.txt: Copied (server side copy)
2021/01/29 17:05:03 INFO : rclonetest/test.txt: Deleted
2021/01/29 17:05:03 DEBUG : rclonetest: Updating dir with rclone1test 0xc00027e000
2021/01/29 17:05:03 DEBUG : rclonetest: forgetting directory cache
2021/01/29 17:05:03 DEBUG : : Added virtual directory entry vDel: "rclonetest"
2021/01/29 17:05:03 DEBUG : : Added virtual directory entry vAdd: "rclone1test"
2021/01/29 17:05:03 DEBUG : /: >Rename: err=
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : /: Attr:
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : /: >Attr: attr=valid=1s ino=0 size=0 mode=drwxr-xr-x, err=
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : /: Lookup: name="rclone1test"
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : /: >Lookup: node=rclone1test/, err=
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclone1test/: Attr:
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclone1test/: >Attr: attr=valid=1s ino=0 size=0 mode=drwxr-xr-x, err=
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclone1test/: Lookup: name="test.txt"
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclone1test: Removed virtual directory entry vAdd: "test.txt"
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclone1test/: >Lookup: node=rclonetest/test.txt, err=
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt: Attr:
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt: >Attr: a=valid=1s ino=0 size=15 mode=-rw-r--r--, err=
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt: Open: flags=OpenReadOnly
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt: Open: flags=O_RDONLY
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt: newRWFileHandle:
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt: >newRWFileHandle: err=
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt: >Open: fd=rclonetest/test.txt (rw), err=
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt: >Open: fh=&{rclonetest/test.txt (rw)}, err=
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : &{rclonetest/test.txt (rw)}: Read: len=4096, offset=0
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt(0xc000b3b8c0): _readAt: size=4096, off=0
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt(0xc000b3b8c0): openPending:
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt: vfs cache: checking remote fingerprint "15,2021-01-29 16:03:43.531766408 +0000 UTC,e19c1283c925b3206685ff522acfe3e6" against cached fingerprint "15,2021-01-29 16:03:43.531766408 +0000 UTC,e19c1283c925b3206685ff522acfe3e6"
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt: vfs cache: truncate to size=15
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclone1test: Added virtual directory entry vAdd: "test.txt"
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt(0xc000b3b8c0): >openPending: err=
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : vfs cache: looking for range={Pos:0 Size:15} in [{Pos:0 Size:15}] - present true
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt(0xc000b3b8c0): >_readAt: n=15, err=EOF
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : &{rclonetest/test.txt (rw)}: >Read: read=15, err=
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt: Attr:
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt: >Attr: a=valid=1s ino=0 size=15 mode=-rw-r--r--, err=
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : &{rclonetest/test.txt (rw)}: Flush:
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt(0xc000b3b8c0): RWFileHandle.Flush
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : &{rclonetest/test.txt (rw)}: >Flush: err=
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : &{rclonetest/test.txt (rw)}: Release:
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt(0xc000b3b8c0): RWFileHandle.Release
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt(0xc000b3b8c0): close:
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt: vfs cache: setting modification time to 2021-01-29 17:03:43.531766408 +0100 CET
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : rclonetest/test.txt(0xc000b3b8c0): >close: err=
2021/01/29 17:05:53 DEBUG : &{rclonetest/test.txt (rw)}: >Release: err=