I didn't realized, did you considered creation issue, so i have to dig deeper and may be find root issue?
I had tested passthrough with debug logging and error is correctly reported:
The service passthrough-fuse3-x has been started.
passthrough-fuse3-x[TID=1b18]: FFFFC78C66867CA0: >>QueryVolumeInformation
passthrough-fuse3-x[TID=1b18]: FFFFC78C66867CA0: <<QueryVolumeInformation IoStatus=0[0] VolumeInfo={TotalSize=1b:ceaff000, FreeSize=9:83443000, VolumeLabel=""}
passthrough-fuse3-x[TID=0788]: FFFFC78C65F9B010: >>Create [UT----] "\", FILE_OPEN, CreateOptions=20, FileAttributes=0, Security=NULL, AllocationSize=0:0, AccessToken=00000000000001EC[PID=2f88], DesiredAccess=100080, GrantedAccess=0, ShareAccess=7
passthrough-fuse3-x[TID=0788]: FFFFC78C65F9B010: <<Create IoStatus=0[1] UserContext=0000000000000000:0000016A2F86A860, GrantedAccess=100080, FileInfo={FileAttributes=10, ReparseTag=0, AllocationSize=0:2000, FileSize=0:2000, CreationTime=2019-03-19T04:37:21.986Z, LastAccessTime=2021-05-24T14:04:05.361Z, LastWriteTime=2021-05-24T08:40:23.426Z, ChangeTime=2021-05-24T08:40:23.426Z, IndexNumber=0:0}
passthrough-fuse3-x[TID=0788]: FFFFC78C65A098D0: >>Close 0000000000000000:0000016A2F86A860
passthrough-fuse3-x[TID=0788]: FFFFC78C65A098D0: <<Close IoStatus=0[0]
passthrough-fuse3-x[TID=0788]: FFFFC78C65B0D810: >>Create [UT----] "\test.txt", FILE_OVERWRITE_IF, CreateOptions=60, FileAttributes=0, Security=NULL, AllocationSize=0:0, AccessToken=00000000000001F8[PID=2784], DesiredAccess=120196, GrantedAccess=0, ShareAccess=3
passthrough-fuse3-x[TID=0788]: FFFFC78C65B0D810: <<Create IoStatus=c0000022[0]
passthrough-fuse3-x[TID=0788]: FFFFC78C65A0DC60: >>Create [KTBR--] "\test.txt", FILE_OPEN, CreateOptions=4140, FileAttributes=0, Security=NULL, AllocationSize=0:0, AccessToken=00000000000001F8[PID=2784], DesiredAccess=0, GrantedAccess=100180, ShareAccess=7
passthrough-fuse3-x[TID=0788]: FFFFC78C65A0DC60: <<Create IoStatus=c0000034[0]
passthrough-fuse3-x[TID=0788]: FFFFC78C65B0D810: >>Create [UT----] "\test.txt", FILE_OVERWRITE_IF, CreateOptions=60, FileAttributes=0, Security=NULL, AllocationSize=0:0, AccessToken=00000000000001F8[PID=2784], DesiredAccess=120196, GrantedAccess=0, ShareAccess=3
passthrough-fuse3-x[TID=0788]: FFFFC78C65B0D810: <<Create IoStatus=c0000022[0]
rclone does not attempt to call winapi.CreateFile
on first open but on close, so i m not sure what a descriptor returned on opening file.