(Firstly - apologies for the deleted posts above!)
I've also been seeing these types of errors when syncing about 15 x MP4 files from my Linux machine to OneDrive. Each file is between 2.5GB and 3.7GB in size.
I decided to try a few different ways of copying one of the files that had been failing with rsync.
The first attempt was by uploading the file via the OneDrive website (via a Windows 11 machine - where the sha1sum was checked and correct). This seemed to work, but when checking the sha1sum via rclone the files were different. I then downloaded the file back to my Windows 11 machine and the sha1sum was again incorrect (but the same as the rclone sha1sum).
I checked this suspect downloaded corrupt MP4 file with ffmpeg which did indeed find errors. Also, comparing the MP4 file with the original file using 'cmp' differences were found. Doing similar checks with hexdump as in a previous post, showed a definite difference in the 'look' of the data at the point indicated to by cmp.
I am now attempting to let the native Windows OneDrive program sync a copy of the file. I'm not seeing any errors, but so far it has not been successful, and it seems to be on its third attempt now.
So to me this definitely looks like a OneDrive issue, and somewhat concerning that I managed to upload a file to OneDrive that seemed to succeed but was in fact corrupt.
Hopefully Microsoft will come back to you on the bug that was raised with them.