hello and welcome to the forum,
as of now, using rclone, there is not a way to download such a file.
have you seen this
https://forum.rclone.org/t/virus-checking-possible-to-skip-files-marked-as-infected-in-sharepoint/23903/10
for sure, can download via onedrive website.
there might be a way using office365 admin portal to disable that feature.