Cannot mount in docker container: fuse device not found

Is that a typo?

Yes. I realised I missed that last line when copying over the compose file. I fixed it now.

post the output

I am not exactly sure what you mean here? I have pasted the full log output, there's not much more I have to paste.

If you are looking for the output of modprobe/fuse, it's this:

/data $ modprobe fuse
modprobe: can't change directory to '/lib/modules': No such file or directory